
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>3、Cookie和Session - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
          background-color: #f4f7f9;
          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
        }

        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }

        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
        }
        
        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .report-actions button {
            background-color: #fff;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 12px 25px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 10px;
            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
        }
        .report-actions button:hover {
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
            border-color: #bbb;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .report-actions button.primary {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
            border-color: #28a745;
        }
        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
            background-color: #218838;
        }
        
        .hint-container {
            background-color: #e0f7fa;
            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>3、Cookie和Session - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，Cookie和HttpSession在存储用户数据方面最根本的区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "Cookie是永久性的，而HttpSession在浏览器关闭后立即失效。",
      "Cookie将数据存储在客户端浏览器，而HttpSession将数据存储在服务器端。",
      "Cookie只能存储字符串，而HttpSession可以存储任何类型的对象。",
      "Cookie的安全性更高，因为它在客户端加密，而HttpSession在服务器端是明文存储的。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出Cookie是客户端技术，程序将数据以cookie的形式写入用户各自的浏览器；而Session是服务器端技术，服务器为每一个用户的浏览器创建一个其独享的HttpSession对象来存储数据。这是两者最核心、最根本的区别。",
    "source": "文档中「保存会话数据的两种技术」部分",
    "hint": "文档中描述这两种技术时，一个被称为“客户端技术”，另一个被称为“服务器端技术”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档中关于Cookie细节的描述，如果一个Cookie在创建时没有设置`maxAge`属性，它的生命周期是怎样的？",
    "options": [
      "它将永久存储在用户的磁盘上，直到手动删除。",
      "它会在24小时后自动过期。",
      "它是一个会话级别的Cookie，当用户关闭浏览器后将被删除。",
      "它的大小将被限制为1KB，且生命周期为当前会话。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档明确说明：“如果创建了一个cookie，并将他发送到浏览器，默认情况下它是一个会话级别的cookie（即存储在浏览器的内存中），用户退出浏览器之后即被删除。”设置`maxAge`才能将其存储在磁盘上，实现持久化。",
    "source": "文档中「Cookie的细节」部分",
    "hint": "文档提到了默认情况下的cookie是“会话级别”的，思考“会话”的生命周期是多久。"
  },
  {
    "question": "服务器是如何在多次请求中识别并关联到同一个用户的特定Session的？",
    "options": [
      "通过用户的IP地址来唯一识别。",
      "通过一个在客户端（通常以Cookie形式保存）和服务器端之间传递的唯一的session id。",
      "通过用户的浏览器类型和版本信息（User-Agent）。",
      "通过每次请求中用户提交的用户名和密码。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档在“Session实现原理”部分详细描述了这一过程：服务器会为每个session生成一个唯一的、不重复的session id，并通过响应返回给客户端保存。客户端在后续请求中会自动带上这个session id，服务器据此检索并使用对应的session对象。",
    "source": "文档中「Session实现原理」部分",
    "hint": "文档提到服务器会检查客户端请求里是否已包含了一个“session标识”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "关于文档中提到的Cookie存储限制，以下哪项描述是正确的？",
    "options": [
      "每个站点的Cookie数量有限制（最多20个），且每个Cookie的大小也有限制（4KB）。",
      "一个站点可以存储无限数量的Cookie，但总大小不能超过1MB。",
      "每个Cookie的大小没有限制，但浏览器总共只能存放100个Cookie。",
      "Cookie只能存储数字和字母，不能存储特殊字符。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "文档中明确指出了浏览器的存储限制：“浏览器一般只允许存放300个Cookie，每个站点最多存放20个Cookie，每个Cookie的大小限制为4KB。”",
    "source": "文档中「Cookie的细节」部分",
    "hint": "请回忆文档中关于浏览器允许存放的Cookie数量和大小的具体数字。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中提到了不同技术的应用场景，以下哪项功能最适合使用Cookie来实现？",
    "options": [
      "存储和管理用户的购物车信息。",
      "在服务器端保存一次性验证码以供校验。",
      "记住用户的登录名以便下次访问时自动填充。",
      "跟踪用户在单次会话中的所有操作记录。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档在“Cookie的应用”部分明确将“记住用户名”作为一个典型应用场景。这是因为该功能需要跨会话，即使用户关闭并重新打开浏览器后依然有效，适合使用设置了`maxAge`的持久化Cookie。而购物车和验证码则在“Session应用”中被提及，因为它们的数据更敏感且通常只在当前会话中有效。",
    "source": "文档中「Cookie的应用」和「Session应用」部分",
    "hint": "想一想哪个功能需要在关闭浏览器后再次打开时仍然有效，并查阅文档中对应的技术应用章节。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档对“会话”的定义，它主要解决了什么问题？",
    "options": [
      "加快用户访问服务器的响应速度。",
      "在用户的多次连续请求中，为该用户保存其专属的状态数据。",
      "加密用户与服务器之间的所有通信数据。",
      "确保用户在不同设备上登录时数据是同步的。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中提到：“每个用户在使用浏览器与服务器进行会话的过程中，不可避免各自会产生一些数据，程序要想办法为每个用户保存这些数据。”并以购物车为例说明。这表明会话技术的核心目标是在HTTP这种无状态协议上为单个用户维护一个有状态的交互过程。",
    "source": "文档中「会话（如同打电话，多次交互）」部分",
    "hint": "文档以“购物车”为例，说明了会话过程中需要解决的核心问题是什么。"
  },
  {
    "question": "当一个客户端首次向服务器发起请求，且服务器程序调用`request.getSession()`方法时，通常会发生什么？",
    "options": [
      "服务器会重用之前其他用户已关闭的Session对象以节省资源。",
      "服务器创建一个新的Session对象，并生成一个唯一的session id返回给客户端。",
      "服务器会要求客户端必须先登录才能创建Session。",
      "服务器会根据客户端的IP地址生成一个固定的session id。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "根据“Session实现原理”部分的描述：“如果客户端请求不包含session id，则为此客户端创建一个session并且生成一个与此session相关联的session id...这个session id将被在本次响应中返回给客户端保存。”这就是首次创建Session的过程。",
    "source": "文档中「Session实现原理」部分",
    "hint": "思考服务器在“第一次”接触一个新客户端并需要建立会话时，必须完成哪些初始化的工作。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  